Nutrient intake, alcohol consumption, emotional eating and anxiety in women nursing students.

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze dietary habits, alcohol habits, emotional eating and anxiety in a sample of Spanish nursing students. These students appear to be essential to the field of public health and to teaching their future patients about their own good practices. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted. Participants completed the Emotional Eater Questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) test to evaluate alcohol intake, the State-Trait anxiety Inventory (STAI) test to measure levels of anxiety as a state and anxiety as a trait, and self-reported sociodemographic data. Following classroom instruction, three-day food records were used to gauge food intake. Results: The calorie intake for the macronutrients Ca, Mg, K, and Fe were below the Recommended Dietary Intakes (DRI) and imbalanced. The percentage E of proteins was 132.7 % more than recommended, while the percentage of carbohydrates is below the recommended level. Dietary energy consumption barely equaled 78 % of the total energy consumed by this sex and age group. With respect to emotional eating, nursing women students were low emotional eater (44 %) > emotional eater (30 %) > non-emotional eater (22.7 %). The students' emotional eating is substantially connected with fast food and sweets, or less healthy food intake behaviors. According to the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), 82.7 % of female students used alcohol on a regular basis in a low-risk manner. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated a link between anxiety and dietary fat intake. Trait anxiety was negatively connected with emotional eating (EE), whereas state anxiety was positively correlated with meat consumption. It is crucial to consider these findings when creating prevention/intervention plans and profiles of harmful eating behaviors.

Effect of Nutrition Education on Health Science University Students to Improve Cardiometabolic Profile and Inflammatory Status.

The inadequate lifestyle associated with university life may have a negative impact on various cardiometabolic factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a one-year nutrition education course on cardiometabolic parameters in undergraduate health science students. During the 2021-22 academic year, 1.30 h nutrition sessions were conducted twice a week. Capillary blood samples were collected and centrifuged to measure cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in serum. The sample studied consisted of 49 students: 20.4% male and 79.6% female. The nutritional intervention resulted in changes in dietary patterns, with increased consumption of vegetables, nuts and legumes. After the course, females showed an increase in HDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.007) and no change in LDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.189). On the other hand, males showed significant changes in HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.043) levels. The atherogenic index was also significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in both males (p = 0.009) and females (p = 0.002). Differences were also observed in the increase in vitamin D levels in both males and females, although the magnitude of the increase was greater in the men (Δ = 7.94, p = 0.016 in men vs. Δ = 4.96, p = 0.001 in women). The monocyte-to-HDL ratio (MHR) showed a significant reduction, although these differences were only significant in males. Students with low vitamin D levels had higher LDL-cholesterol values (p = 0.01) and atherogenic index (p = 0.029). Adjusted linear regression analysis showed a significant association between post-course vitamin D MHR (ß = -0.42, IC: -0.29, -0.06, p < 0.01). These findings suggest the importance of including nutrition education programs during the university stage for the prevention of long-term health problems.

Macronutrient Intake, Sleep Quality, Anxiety, Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Emotional Eating among Female Health Science Undergraduate Students.

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 provoked a myriad of challenges for people's health, poor life satisfaction and an unhealthy diet that could be associated with serious negative health outcomes and behaviours. University is a stressful environment that is associated with unhealthy changes in the eating behaviours of students. The association between diet and mental health is complex and bidirectional, depending on the motivation to eat; emotional eaters regulate their emotions through the increased consumption of comfort foods. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional habits, alcohol consumption, anxiety and sleep quality of female health science college students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 191 female undergraduate students in Madrid was used. Their body mass index and waist hip ratio were measured. The questionnaires used included the Mediterranean Diet Adherence test, AUDIT, Emotional Eater Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Food Addiction, Perceived Stress Scale and STAI questionnaires. RESULTS: We observed a high intake of protein, fat, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Overall, 9.5% never had breakfast, and 66.5% consciously reduced their food intake. According to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, they mainly slept 6-7 h, and 82% presented with a poor sleep quality; 13.5% presented moderate-high food addiction, and 35% had moderate Mediterranean Diet Adherence score. CONCLUSION: Female students' macronutrient imbalances were noted, with a high-level protein and fat intake diet and a low proportion of carbohydrates and fibre. A high proportion of them need alcohol education and, depending on the social context, they mainly drank beer and spirits.

"Comprehensive Care" Concept in Nursing: Systematic Review / Concepto de "Cuidados Integrales" en Enfermería: Revisión sistemática / Conceito de "Cuidado Integral" em Enfermagem: Revisão Sistemática

Introduction. Integrated health care is a concept widely used in the planning and organisation of nursing care. It is a highly topical concept, but at the same time it is deeply rooted in the theory and models of Nursing right from its inception as a science. There is no clear, agreed definition that describes it. Objective. To systematise the knowledge available on the concept of "comprehensive care" in Nursing from the point of view of nursing care, its domains and characteristics. Methods. A literature search has been carried out in several languages (Spanish, Portuguese, English and Romanian) in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane and Dialnet, covering the period between 2013 and 2019. The search terms used were: comprehensive health care, health and nursing. Prospero register 170327. Results. Sixteen documents were identified, which grouped 8 countries, mainly Brazil, being the country with the highest output on this context­ 10 documents were found within the qualitative paradigm and 6 quantitative ones. The concept "Comprehensive Care" is commonly used to refer to comprehensive nursing care techniques, protocols, programmes and plans, covering care in all aspects of the individual as a complement to or independent of the clinical needs arising from health care. Conclusion. The definition of features pertaining to the concept "Comprehensive Care" encourages the use and standardisation of nursing care plans, improving patient follow-up, the detection of new risk factors, complications and new health problems not related to the reason for admission. This increases the capacity for prevention and improves the patient's quality of life, and their primary and/or family caregivers, which translates into lower costs in the health system

Antecedentes. El cuidado integral en términos de salud es un concepto muy utilizado en la planificación y organización de los cuidados enfermeros. Es un concepto muy actual, pero a la vez muy arraigado en la teoría y los modelos de Enfermería desde sus principios cómo ciencia. No obstante, no existe una definición clara, consensuada que lo describa. Objetivo.Sistematizar los conocimientos disponibles sobre el concepto de "cuidado integral" en Enfermería desde el punto de vista del cuidado de enfermería, sus dominios y características.Métodos.Revisión sistemática de la información en idioma inglés, español, romaní y portugués en las siguientes bases de datos: Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane y Dialnet. Dicha búsqueda abarcó el período comprendido entre 2013 y 2020. Los términos usados fueron: comprehensive health care, health and nursing. Prospero register 170327. Resultados.Se identificaron dieciséis documentos, que agruparon a 8 países, principalmente Brasil, siendo el país con mayor producción en este contexto, se encontraron 10 documentos dentro del paradigma cualitativo y 4 cuantitativos. El concepto "Cuidados Integrales" es comúnmente utilizado para referirse a las técnicas, protocolos, programas y planes de cuidados integrales de enfermería, que abarcan el cuidado en todos los aspectos del individuo como complemento o independiente de las necesidades clínicas derivadas del cuidado de la salud. Conclusión.La definición de características propias del concepto "Cuidados Integrales" favorece la utilización y estandarización de los planes de cuidados de enfermería, mejorando el seguimiento de los pacientes, detectando nuevos factores de riesgo, complicaciones y nuevos problemas de salud no relacionados con el motivo de ingreso. Esto aumenta la capacidad de prevención y mejora la calidad de vida del paciente y de sus cuidadores principales y familiares, lo que se traduce en menores costes en el sistema sanitario.

Antecedentes. O cuidado integral em saúde é um conceito amplamente utilizado no planejamento e organização da assistência de enfermagem. É um conceito muito atual, mas ao mesmo tempo profundamente enraizado na teoria e nos modelos de Enfermagem desde seus primórdios como ciência. No entanto, não existe uma definição clara e consensual que a descreva. Objetivo. Sistematizar o conhecimento disponível sobre o conceito de "cuidado integral" em Enfermagem sob o ponto de vista do cuidado de enfermagem, seus domínios e características. Métodos. Revisão sistemática de informações em inglês, espanhol, romani e português nas seguintes bases de dados: Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane e Dialnet. Essa busca abrangeu o período entre 2013 e 2020. Os termos utilizados foram: atenção integral à saúde, saúde. e enfermagem. Registro Prospero 170327 Resultados. Foram identificados 16 documentos, que agruparam 8 países, principalmente o Brasil, sendo o país com maior produção neste contexto, foram encontrados 10 documentos dentro do paradigma qualitativo e 4 quantitativos. O conceito "Cuidado Integral" é comumente utilizado para se referir às técnicas, protocolos, programas e planos de assistência integral de enfermagem, que englobam o cuidado em todos os aspectos do indivíduo como complemento ou independente das necessidades clínicas derivadas do cuidado em saúde. Conclusão.A definição das características do conceito "Cuidado Integral" favorece a utilização e padronização dos planos de assistência de enfermagem, melhorando o acompanhamento do paciente, detectando novos fatores de risco, complicações e novos problemas de saúde não relacionados ao motivo da internação. Isso aumenta a capacidade de prevenção e melhora a qualidade de vida do paciente e de seus cuidadores primários e familiares, o que se traduz em menores custos no sistema de saúde.

"Comprehensive Care" Concept in Nursing: Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: Integrated health care is a concept widely used in the planning and organisation of nursing care. It is a highly topical concept, but at the same time it is deeply rooted in the theory and models of Nursing right from its inception as a science. There is no clear, agreed definition that describes it. OBJETIVE: To systematise the knowledge available on the concept of "comprehensive care" in Nursing from the point of view of nursing care, its domains and characteristics. METHODS: A literature search has been carried out in several languages (Spanish, Portuguese, English and Romanian) in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane and Dialnet, covering the period between 2013 and 2019. The search terms used were: comprehensive health care, health and nursing. Prospero register 170327. RESULTS: Sixteen documents were identified, which grouped 8 countries, mainly Brazil, being the country with the highest output on this context 10 documents were found within the qualitative paradigm and 6 quantitative ones. The concept "Comprehensive Care" is commonly used to refer to comprehensive nursing care techniques, protocols, programmes and plans, covering care in all aspects of the individual as a complement to or independent of the clinical needs arising from health care. CONCLUSIONS: The definition of features pertaining to the concept "Comprehensive Care" encourages the use and standardisation of nursing care plans, improving patient follow-up, the detection of new risk factors, complications and new health problems not related to the reason for admission.This increases the capacity for prevention and improves the patients quality of life, and their primary and/or family caregivers, which translates into lower costs in the health system.

Pain management and coping strategies for primary dysmenorrhea: A qualitative study among female nursing students.

AIM: Primary dysmenorrhea is a problem that affects both young and adult women, with a significant impact on their daily lives. This pain is primarily managed through the consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and non-pharmacological approaches such as exercise, acupressure and heat. The present study aimed to describe how Spanish university students manage dysmenorrhea. DESIGN: Qualitative case study. METHODS: Nursing students (N = 33) from the region of Andalusia (Spain) participated in focus groups. A purposive sampling method was used, and the data were collected through videoconferencing and subsequently analysed thematically. The guidelines for conducting qualitative studies established by the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) and the standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR) were followed. RESULTS: Four principal themes were identified: (a) Strategies for pain management; (b) using painkillers; (c) choosing the ideal treatment; (d) non-pharmacological interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The nursing students experienced difficulties in managing primary dysmenorrhea, they self-medicated, expressed reluctance to seek professional medical advice, used non-pharmacological strategies and seeked advice from other women within their family/social circle.

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, Alcohol Consumption and Emotional Eating in Spanish University Students.

(1) Introduction: The university period may increase the risk of different unhealthy habits, such as low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, high alcohol consumption and eating in response to specific emotions. The aim of this study was to detect early-risk alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence (ADS), the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and emotional eating in university students of the Madrid community. (2) Methods: For each individual, anthropometric parameters, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), AUDIT-Consumption (AUDIT-C), the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) were assessed. (3) Results: A total of 584 university students aged 20.5 (sex ratio = 0.39) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. In total, 63.6% of students showed low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, with no differences by sex (64.3% female versus 61.5% male, p = 0.19). According to the AUDIT questionnaire, 26.2% of participants were categorized as high-risk drinkers and 7.7% as ADS. About 38.6% of the students were categorized as eating very emotionally or eating emotionally, and 37.2% were categorized as low emotional eaters. A weak positive correlation was observed between the EEQ and BMI in female students (rho= 0.15, p = 0.03). (4) Conclusions: University students in our sample showed a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, an important high-risk alcohol consumption and low emotional eating.

Dieta Mediterránea y dieta japonesa vs enfermedades neurodegenerativas / Mediterranean and Japanese diets vs. neurodegenerative diseases

Las enfermedades neurodegenerativas como la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) han cobrado gran importancia en los últimos años debido al aumento del número de casos a nivel mundial, convirtiéndose en un gran problema para la Salud Pública. Esto se ha debido a un incremento de la esperanza de vida, lo que se traduce en un mayor número de personas ancianas en riesgo de padecer enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas. La EA es el tipo de demencia más común suponiendo un deterioro cognitivo que, en última instancia, lleva a una disminución y pérdida de la autonomía del paciente. Se caracteriza por la pérdida de la sinapsis neuronal debido a la presencia de placas seniles (PS) formadas por la acumulación de péptidos ß-amiloide a nivel extracelular, y agregados de la proteína tau hiperfosforilada a nivel intracelular dando lugar a los ovillos neurofibrilares (ONFs). Esto conlleva un aumento del estrés oxidativo y de procesos inflamatorios que producen, finalmente, la apoptosis neuronal. Actualmente, no existe ningún tratamiento farmacológico capaz de revertir dicha patología por lo que, una de las estrategias a las que se está recurriendo, es la intervención a nivel de los factores de riesgo modificables que se han asociado al desarrollo de la EA como, por ejemplo, las enfermedades cardiovasculares. El estilo de vida, especialmente los hábitos dietéticos y la realización de actividad física parecen jugar un papel importante en la prevención de la aparición de la EA y otras enfermedades neurodegenerativas. La dieta Mediterránea y la dieta japonesa son consideradas mundialmente como dietas prudentes, saludables y nutricionalmente equilibradas. Por ello, el análisis de ambas dietas en el contexto de la disminución del riesgo de desarrollar la EA es de gran interés. El objetivo de este trabajo es llevar a cabo una revisión bibliográfica sobre la evidencia actual acerca de la asociación de dichas dietas con la función cognitiva y la EA...(AU)

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) have become very important in recent years due to the increase in the number of cases worldwide, becoming a major problem for Public Health. This has been due to an increase in life expectancy, which translates into a greater number of elderly people at risk of suffering from chronic and degenerative diseases. AD is the most common type of dementia assuming cognitive decline that ultimately leads to a decrease and loss of patient autonomy. It is characterized by the loss of the neuronal synapse due to the presence of senile plaques (PS) formed by the accumulation of β-amyloid peptides at the extracellular level, and aggregates of the hyperphosphorylated tau protein at the intracellular level, giving rise to neurofibrillary tangles (ONFs). ). This entails an increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory processes that ultimately produce neuronal apoptosis.Currently, there is no pharmacological treatment capable of reversing this pathology, so one of the strategies being used is intervention at the level of modifiable risk factors that have been associated with the development of AD, such as example, cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle, especially dietary habits and physical activity seem to play an important role in preventing the onset of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. The Mediterranean diet and the Japanese diet are considered worldwide as prudent, healthy and nutritionally balanced diets. Therefore, the analysis of both diets in the context of the decreased risk of developing AD is of great interest. The objective of this work is to carry out a bibliographic review on the current evidence about the association of these diets with cognitive function and AD...(AU)

Influence of eating habits and alcohol consumption on the academic performance among a university population in the community of Madrid: A pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between dietary habits and alcohol consumption on academic performance among university students. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: University located in Madrid, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 56 university students of nursing (45 women and 11 men). The study complies with the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the University Ethics Committee (36/2018). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Dietary intake and habits assessed with validated survey, alcohol consumption and academic performance. ANALYSIS: Chi-square test, Student's t-test, ANOVA analysis, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis analysis and Shapiro-Wilk test. RESULTS: The average daily energy intake of the students was 1918 ± 725 kcal and, on average, alcohol accounted for 6%. The increased energy contribution from alcohol was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI). Moreover, an inverse association was also found in alcohol intake according to Body Mass Index (BMI) (p < 0.02). Students with failing grades (53.6%) reported a higher daily alcohol intake than those who passed (42.2 %) (32 g/day versus 24 g/day) (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol consumption is related to both poor academic performance as well as diminished quality of life. Thus, it is of vital importance to undertake awareness campaigns at various levels to dissuade alcohol consumption especially at early ages.

Menstrual Migraine Among Spanish University Students.

PURPOSE: This study sought to determine the prevalence of menstrual migraine among female university students at the Nursing Faculty of Ciudad Real and to determine possible risk factors. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was performed using a self-report questionnaire. Two hundred and ninety-nine female university students participated in the study; all were enrolled in the 2017/2018 academic year at the Faculty of Nursing. Participants were over the age of 18 years and without any diagnosed gynecological pathology. The main measurement tools were menstrual migraine between days -2 and +3 of the menstrual cycle, over the previous six cycles. RESULTS: The prevalence of menstrual migraine was 45.15%, identifying the following possible risk factors: dysmenorrhea (OR 9.19; 1.62-6.28% CI), use of hormonal contraceptive methods (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.30-5.20), menstrual irritability (OR 2.34; 95% CI 1.25-4.40), menstrual dizziness (OR 2.05; 95% CI % 1.12-3.75) and daily consumption of cola beverages (OR 1.85; 95% CI % 1.04-3.32). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of this problem is high among our population and the approach is complex. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: It is necessary to continue to research the pharmacological measures and methods of pharmacological pain relief as well as interventions directed at lifestyle modifications considering the potential risk factors involved in menstrual migraine.

Why Do Some Spanish Nursing Students with Menstrual Pain Fail to Consult Healthcare Professionals?

Dysmenorrhea is a problem that affects a large percentage of young women worldwide. Alarmingly, the majority of these women choose to self-medicate rather than consult a healthcare professional, despite the risks involved. The present study aimed to explore the reasons why undergraduate nursing students do not consult health care professionals regarding their menstrual pain. A qualitative study was conducted using an open question: "Why didn't you consult a healthcare professional?" within the context of a research project on primary dysmenorrhea among nursing students at the University of Huelva, Spain. The responses of 202 women were analyzed using content analysis. Three categories were identified: assessment of the pain experienced, expectations, and experiences of professional care and selfcare. We found a striking normalization of the problem; notably, students downplayed the importance of the problem, considering that it was not worth consulting a physician. Furthermore, there was a notable degree of self-medication using non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs). These results may be useful for orienting policies to raise social awareness of this problem and for designing health education strategies aimed at women with primary dysmenorrhea.

Living with Restrictions. The Perspective of Nursing Students with Primary Dysmenorrhea.

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) affects a large number of female university students, diminishing their quality of life and hindering academic performance, representing a significant cause of absenteeism. The purpose of our study was to determine how nursing students experienced restrictions as a result of primary dysmenorrhea. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted among 33 nursing students with primary dysmenorrhea. A purposeful sampling strategy was applied. Data were collected from five focus groups (two sessions each) and the field notes of 10 researchers. A video meeting platform was used to conduct the focus groups. A thematic inductive analysis was performed. Thirty-three female nursing students participated in the study with a mean age of 22.72 (SD 3.46) years. Three broad themes emerged: (a) restrictions on daily activities and sports; (b) academic restrictions, and (c) restrictions on social and sexual relationships. The students described restrictions in performing everyday activities, such as carrying weight, and shopping. Some students even gave up the practice of sports and were absent from classes at the university, and from clinical practices at the hospital. The pain affected their ability to maintain and create new social relationships. Primary dysmenorrhea caused restrictions in the personal, social and academic life of the nursing students.

Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea among University Students in the South of Spain and Family Influence.

The present study analyses the management of primary dysmenorrhea by university students in the south of Spain. In this cross-sectional observational study, 224 women participated, using an ad hoc self-report questionnaire about menstrual pain and self-care and including sociodemographic and gynecological variables. Some 76.8% of participants consumed analgesics and the majority self-medicated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) without consulting a health professional, with a correlation between pain intensity and the number of pills ingested during menstruation (r = 0.151, p < 0.05). The higher proportion of women who found their analgesia effective were those who took medication after being prescribed by a health care provider (60.8%) compared to those who self-medicated (40%; p < 0.01). Only 43.8% employed non-pharmaceutical methods, most commonly antalgic positions, massages and local heat. These choices were not related to the intensity of menstrual pain nor with the severity of the dysmenorrhea, nor did these most common methods prove to be the most effective. However, a higher percentage of women using non-pharmacological methods was identified in women with family members suffering from dysmenorrhea (73.2%) compared to those without (60%; p = 0.040), which may indicate that the choice of remedies is more related to learning self-care in the family context. This study identifies the need for education on self-care and management of menstrual pain.

Relationship between Diet, Menstrual Pain and other Menstrual Characteristics among Spanish Students.

This study sought to describe and compare adherence to the Mediterranean diet and consumption of local foods from the Huelva region among Spanish university women in relation to menstrual pain and other menstrual characteristics. This cross-sectional study included 311 health science students. The study variables were sociodemographic and gynecologic characteristics, adherence to the Mediterranean diet using the KIDMED questionnaire, alcohol consumption (SDU) and consumption of local food. A descriptive bivariate analysis and multiple binary regression were performed for menstrual pain. Up to 55.3% of participants had moderate adherence to the Mediterranean diet and only 29.6% had high adherence. Women with low adherence had longer menstrual cycles (p < 0.01). Eating less than two pieces of fruit per day (OR = 3.574; 95%CI = 1.474-8.665; p < 0.05) and eating pulses more than one day a week (OR = 2.320; 95%CI = 1.006-5.348) raised the probability of suffering menstrual pain. A positive correlation between SDU and cycle length was identified (r = 0.119, p = 0.038), and menstrual bleeding was lower in women who consumed olive oil daily (p = 0.044). In conclusion, the Mediterranean diet, alcohol consumption and consuming typical foods from southern Spain appear to influence cycle length, menstrual flow and menstrual pain. Further research is necessary to confirm and expand these findings.

Effect of exercise intensity on the hepcidin response / Efecto del ejercicio intenso en la respuesta de la hepcidina

INTRODUCCIÓN: el sistema nervioso simpático modula muchas respuestas metabólicas y hormonales al ejercicio. No se conoce bien su influencia en los niveles séricos de la hormona hepcidina, un regulador clave del metabolismo del hierro, durante el ejercicio. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: este estudio examinó los efectos de la intensidad del ejercicio en la respuesta de la hepcidina y trató de relacionar las respuestas de catecolaminas y hepcidina al ejercicio. Quince ciclistas y triatletas entrenados realizaron una prueba de esfuerzo máximo con un cicloergómetro seguido de dos pruebas de intensidades diferentes (moderadas y altas) en orden aleatorio. Las dos pruebas consistieron en 30 minutos de ejercicio a una intensidad del 10% inferior al correspondiente al umbral ventilatorio (VT) (30-MI) o el punto de compensación respiratoria (RCP) (30-HI) Resultados y discusión: a pesar de la mayor cantidad de niveles de noradrenalina detectados después de la prueba de 30-MI versus la línea de base (p <0.01) y después de la prueba 30-HI versus 30-MI (p <0.01), la respuesta de la hepcidina no fue modificada por la intensidad del ejercicio. CONCLUSIÓN: dado que no pudimos relacionar la respuesta de la hepcidina a un ejercicio que se sabe que provoca un alto nivel de actividad suprarrenal, nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la intensidad del ejercicio, y por extensión la activación simpática, no modulan la respuesta de la hepcidina al ejercicio

INTRODUCTION: The sympathetic nervous system modulates many metabolic and hormonal responses to exercise. It is not well known its influence on serum levels of peptide hormone hepcidin, a key iron metabolism regulator, during exercise. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study examined the effects of exercise intensity on the hepcidin response and treated to relate catecholamine and hepcidin responses to exercise. Fifteen trained cyclists and triathletes undertook a maximal stress test on a cycle ergometer followed by two different intensity tests (moderate and high) in random order. The two tests consisted of 30 min of exercise at an intensity 10% lower than that corresponding to the ventilatory threshold (VT) (30-MI) or the respiratory compensation point (RCP) (30-HI). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Despite higher norepinephrine levels detected after the 30-MI test versus baseline (p <0.01) and after the 30-HI test versus 30-MI (p <0.01), the hepcidin response was unmodified by the intensity of exercise. CONCLUSION: Given we were unable to relate the hepcidin response to an exercise known to elicit high sympatheticadrenal activity, our findings suggest that exercise intensity, and by extension the sympathetic activation, does not modulate the hepcidin response to exercise

Estudio comparativo de hábitos entre estudiantes universitarios y preuniversitarios de la zona noroeste de Madrid / Comparative study of habits in students before and during the university in norwest area of Madrid

Introducción: En la mayoría de los países occidentales los jóvenes, adoptan estilos de vida que afectan negativamente a su salud, incrementando de esta manera el riesgo de la aparición prematura de enfermedades crónicas. Objetivo: Comparar los patrones de hábitos en estudiantes preuniversitarios y universitarios en la zona noroeste de Madrid. Material y método: Estudio longitudinal descriptivo con estudiantes madrileños de universidades madrileñas y colegios-institutos de la zona centro-oeste de Madrid capital, aceptando participar 1590 alumnos de ambos sexos preuniversitarios y universitarios: 653 varones (41,1%) y 937 mujeres (58,9%). Se clasificó a los estudiantes en grupos etarios, ≤ 17 años y ≥ 18 años Resultados: Se estudia el IMC, la actividad física, el consumo de alcohol y los hábitos negativos en cuanto al consumo de alimentos. Casi el 80% presenta normo peso, son más activos los preuniversitarios. Conclusión: Se han constatado diferencias entre sexos, que deben guiar las actuaciones de intervención en cuanto a la actividad física o hábitos, por lo que parece fundamental realizar programas de intervención nutricional y psicosocial en los adolescentes y jóvenes para prevenir y/o reducir el consumo de alcohol (AU)

Introduction: In most Western countries young people adopt lifestyles that adversely affect their health, thus increasing the risk of premature onset of chronic diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare patterns of habits in pre-university and university students in west-central area of Madrid. Materials and methods: Descriptive longitudinal study with randomly selected students from Madrid in Madrid universities and schools-institutes. Accepting to participate 1590 students of both sex: 653 males (4,1%) and 937 women (58,9%). To facilitate the study were classified into ≤ 17 years (pre university) and ≥ 18 years (university). Results: BMI, physical activity, alcohol consumption and negative habits with regard to food consumption was studied. Almost 80% have normal weight, are more active pre-university.Conclusions: Gender differences were observed, which should guide the actions of intervention in terms of physical activity or habits. It seems essential to make nutritional programs as well as psychosocial intervention in adolescents and youth to prevent and / or reduce alcohol consumption (AU)

[Comparative study of habits in students before and during the university in northwest area of Madrid]. / Estudio comparativo de hábitos entre estudiantes universitarios y preuniversitarios de la zona noroeste de Madrid.

INTRODUCTION: In most Western countries young people adopt lifestyles that adversely affect their health, thus increasing the risk of premature onset of chronic diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare patterns of habits in pre-university and university students in west-central area of Madrid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive longitudinal study with randomly selected students from Madrid in Madrid universities and schools-institutes. Accepting to participate 1590 students of both sex: 653 males (4,1%) and 937 women (58,9%). To facilitate the study were classified into ≤ 17 years (pre university) and ≥ 18 years (university). RESULTS: BMI, physical activity, alcohol consumption and negative habits with regard to food consumption was studied. Almost 80% have normal weight, are more active pre-university. CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences were observed, which should guide the actions of intervention in terms of physical activity or habits. It seems essential to make nutritional programs as well as psychosocial intervention in adolescents and youth to prevent and / or reduce alcohol consumption.

Introducción: En la mayoria de los paises occidentales los jovenes, adoptan estilos de vida que afectan negativamente a su salud, incrementando de esta manera el riesgo de la aparicion prematura de enfermedades cronicas. Objetivo: Comparar los patrones de habitos en estudiantes preuniversitarios y universitarios en la zona noroeste de Madrid. Material y método: Estudio longitudinal descriptivo con estudiantes madrilenos de universidades madrilenas y colegios-institutos de la zona centro-oeste de Madrid capital, aceptando participar 1590 alumnos de ambos sexos preuniversitarios y universitarios: 653 varones (41,1%) y 937 mujeres (58,9%). Se clasifico a los estudiantes en grupos etarios, ≤ 17 anos y ≥ 18 anos Resultados: Se estudia el IMC, la actividad fisica, el consumo de alcohol y los habitos negativos en cuanto al consumo de alimentos. Casi el 80% presenta normo peso, son mas activos los preuniversitarios. Conclusión: Se han constatado diferencias entre sexos, que deben guiar las actuaciones de intervencion en cuanto a la actividad fisica o habitos, por lo que parece fundamental realizar programas de intervencion nutricional y psicosocial en los adolescentes y jovenes para prevenir y/o reducir el consumo de alcohol.